Vitamin E 

- Vitamin E helps prevent cognitive decline with its strong antioxidant effect. 
 
- Many eye conditions are believed to be related to oxidative stress, an imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals in your body. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect your cells, including your eye cells, from damage by free radicals, which are harmful, unstable molecules. It is also a vitamin that prevents cataracts and macular degeneration. 
 
-Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that scavenges free radicals produced by lipid peroxidation. 
 
-Low alpha tocopherol levels are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, and alpha tocopherol intake is known to be protective against coronary artery diseases. 
 
- It provides inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, protection of endothelial function, inhibition of monocyte-endothelial adhesion, inhibition of monocyte reactive oxygen species. 
 
-As the most powerful antioxidant known, it concentrates in cell membranes and forms the first line of defense as a free radical scavenger against lipid peroxidation in protecting cell membrane integrity. With these effects, it is effective in protecting and strengthening the skin. 
 
- It increases cell-mediated immune responses. It also has regulatory roles on immune function and cancer. 
 
-Vitamin E may have protective effects against cataracts and glaucoma. 
 
-In addition to its antioxidative activities, vitamin E has anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, anticancer, osteo- and neuroprotective effects. 

Vitamin C 

-Ascorbic acid is the main component in the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. It stimulates and modulates the proliferation of various mesenchyme-derived cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts. 
 
-Ascorbic acid (vit. C) provides a protective effect against damage to hair cells. 
 
- Ascorbic acid plays a role in extracellular matrix production. 
 
-It has the ability to serve as a cofactor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases, which are important for collagen synthesis. 
 
- Additionally, ascorbate stimulates steady-state messenger RNA synthesis of a number of cartilage matrix components, including type I collagen, type II collagen, alpha subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase. 
 
- It prevents pathological cartilage disorders by antioxidant mechanism or by increasing basic cartilage matrix components. 
 
-Provides effective protection of nephrons against acute renal failure. 
 
- Vitamin C is also a highly effective antioxidant, protecting essential molecules in the body, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA and RNA, from damage by free radicals and reactive oxygen species that can be produced during normal metabolism, as well as during normal metabolism. The eye has a particularly high metabolic rate and therefore has an additional need for antioxidant protection. 
 
-In addition to being a source of antioxidants, Vitamin C helps slow down cataracts and prevents macular degeneration. 

Vitamin B1 

- Vitamin B1 (thiamine) helps the body convert carbohydrates into energy. It has a significant effect on the functioning of the heart, nerves and muscles. 
 
- It is effective in reducing the risk of cataracts by protecting eye health. 

Vitamin B2 

Vitamin B2 riboflavin is a nutrient that must be taken daily. Since it is not stored in the body, it must be taken externally daily. 

Vitamin B3 

-Niacin plays a role in preventing glaucoma, a condition in which your eye's optic nerve is damaged. 
 
- Vitamin B3 also has a positive effect on brain health. It plays an important role in DNA production and the healthy functioning of the digestive and nervous systems. 
 
- It is known that niacin deficiency is good for depression and heart health. 

Vitamin B5 

- It is an effective vitamin in the formation of antibodies and the development of the immune process following antigenic stimulation. 
 
-Pantothenic acid (vit B5) is an important vitamin that provides an effective solution to autoimmune arthritis and insomnia problems. 

Vitamin B6 

-The deficiency of vitamin B6, which is effective in the regular functioning of the immune system, puts pressure on the immune system. Vitamin B6 has important effects on the offsprings strong immune system. 
 
-Protects the health of the brain and nervous system. 

Vitamin B12 

-It is an important intermediary metabolism that affects DNA synthesis and regeneration of erythrocytes. It also regulates the metabolism of fatty acids, glucose and amino acids. 
 
- It takes part in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis in cholesterol and glycol metabolism. 

Vitamin K 

-It prevents osteoarthritis by activating matrix gla proteins, which inhibit bone proteins that cause joint calcifications. 
 
-Vitamin K is necessary for the production of the protein called prothrombin, which also has various functions in bone metabolism. 

Vitamin B7 

-It helps metabolize carbohydrates and amino acids and contributes to the breakdown of fats in your body. Additionally, biotin supplement is effective in protecting eye health. 
 
-Provides protection by increasing the elasticity and hydration of dry areas between the paw pads and on the skin. 
 
-It reduces erythema foci on the skin and increases collagen activity. It also positively affects skin health and feather quality. 
 
- It helps metabolize carbohydrates and amino acids and contributes to the breakdown of fats in your body. Additionally, biotin supplement is effective in protecting eye health. 

Di calcium phosphate 

-Calcium is an element that performs numerous biological functions in the body. One of its most important functions is skeletal mineralization. Calcium is the main component of bone, more than 99% of which is found in the form of calcium-phosphate complexes. It provides the strength and structure of the skeleton, making the bone a metabolic reservoir to maintain the intracellular and extracellular calcium pool. 
 
-The remaining 1% of calcium is found in blood, extracellular fluids, muscles and other tissues. Here, it is responsible for muscle contraction, vascular contraction, vasodilation, nerve impulse transmission and intracellular communication. 
 
-Calcium intake affects bone mass by increasing calcium retention in the skeleton during bone growth, playing an important role in preventing bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in later life. Therefore, ensuring adequate calcium intake for our pets throughout life is a necessary supplement for bone health, preventing osteoporosis and related fractures. 

Vitamin D3 

- 1,25 (OH) 2D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, performs most of its functions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). One of these important functions is to regulate calcium and bone homeostasis. It also has the capacity to regulate various cellular responses of the immune and cardiovascular systems, as well as to regulate the differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis of keratinocytes. 
 
- Vitamin D is synthesized by sunlight; It is beneficial in many metabolic activities of the eye and in preventing macular degeneration. 
 
-Vitamin D provides extra beneficial effects to calcium supplements in slowing down bone loss, and this combined use prevents osteoporosis. 
 
- Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) undergoes a two-stage forced hydroxylation, which takes place sequentially first in the liver and then in the kidney, where it catalyzes the production of the biologically active form of vitamin D. Therefore, in case of acute renal failure, vitamin D3 is significantly reduced in plasma. 
 
-Low vitamin D constitutes a risk factor for the development and progression of renal cell carcinoma. The use of vitamin D3 during renal cell carcinoma significantly protects the kidney. 

Vitamin A 

- VitA is a micronutrient that is crucial for promoting growth and development, maintaining epithelial mucus integrity in the body, it is known as an anti-inflammation vitamin due to its critical role in strengthening immune function. 
 
-It plays regulatory roles in cellular immune responses and humoral immune processes in the development of the immune system. 
 
- It has a therapeutic effect in the treatment of infectious diseases. 
 
-Provides the mucus barrier and production of white blood cells that help trap bacteria and infectious agents in the eyes, lungs and intestines. 
 
-In vitamin A deficiencies, susceptibility to infections increases and recovery from the disease is delayed. 

Folic acid 

-Folic acid ensures cell proliferation, bone marrow functioning and complete DNA building blocks. 

Magnesium 

-Magnesium hydroxide ensures bone development by stimulating osteoblast activity. 
 
- Magnesium regulates active calcium transport and is also known to prevent bone fractures and increase bone density. 
 
- Magnesium, which is necessary for healthy and strong bone formation, helps calcium assimilate into the bone. 
 
-It regulates the acid-base balance in the body, regulates blood pressure, ensures vascular elasticity, and takes part in cell renewal. 
 
-Diabetic patients with magnesium deficiency may develop serious problems in the retina because magnesium has blood sugar regulating properties. 
 
-Magnesium and zinc improve some behavioral disorders in dogs with common behavioral problems. 

Zinc 

-Zinc, which is essential for the integrity of the immune system, is important in shaping immune competence, immunoregulation and resistance against microorganisms as it plays a role in the formation of specific antibodies. In zinc deficiency, there is a decrease in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, total lymphocyte count, thyroid and thymus functions, and gamma globulins. 
 
-Zinc and magnesium supplements are known to modulate the intestines. 
 
-It is used in the treatment of skin diseases by participating in the structure of many enzymes, proteins and hormones, and by playing a role in the immune system and thyroid functions, protection from infections, iodine metabolism, wound healing, and hair and feather development. 
 
- Zinc ions are found in the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which plays an important role in scavenging superoxide radicals. Regarding the eye, zinc plays important roles in antioxidant and immune function. 
 
There is evidence that dietary antioxidants and anti-inflammatories may be beneficial in reducing the risk of age-related eye disease. 

Iron 

-It is necessary for the production of blood cells and some enzymes that carry oxygen in the blood. It both helps protect against diseases by strengthening the immune system and plays a role in the development of puppies.